Section outline

◄Management

  • 1.       Aglietti C, Meinecke CD, Ghelardini L, Barnes I, Nest A Van Der (2021) Rapid Detection of Pine Pathogens Lecanosticta acicola , Dothistroma pini and D . septosporum on Needles by Probe-Based LAMP Assays. : 1–14.

    2.       Barnes, I. , Crous, P.W. , Wingfield, B.D. and Wingfield, M.J. (2004) Multigene phylogenies reveal that red band needle blight of Pinus is caused by two distinct species of Dothistroma, D. septosporum and D. pini . Stud. Mycol. 50, 551–565.

    3.       Broders, K. , Munck, I.A. , Wyka, S.A. , Iriarte, G. and Beaudoin, E. (2015) Characterization of fungal pathogens associated with white pine needle damage (WPND) in northeastern North America. Forests, 6, 4088–4104.

    4.       Cordell, C.E. , Anderson, R.L. and Kais, A.G. (1990) Brown‐Spot needle blight In: Southwide Forest Disease Workshop, (Boone A.J., Anderson R.L., Fenn P., Powers H.R. and Stambaugh W.J., eds.) pp. 18–19. Charleston, South Carolina: South Carolina Forestry Commission, Insect and Disease Section, Columbia, South Carolina.

    5.       EPPO (2015) PM 7/46 (3) Lecanosticta acicola (formerly Mycosphaerella dearnessii), Dothistroma septosporum (formerly Mycosphaerella pini) and Dothistroma pini. EPPO Bulletin 45(2), 163–182

    6.       EPPO (2024) EPPO Global database: Lecanosticta acicola (SCIRAC). On-line version, available at: https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/SCIRAC.

    7.       Hedgcock GG (1929) Septoria acicola and the brown-spot disease of pine needles. Phytopathology, 19, 993-999.

    8.       Hedgcock, G.G. (1929) Septoria acicola and the brown‐spot disease of pine needles. Phytopathology, 19, 993–999.

    9.       Huang Z.Y., Smalley E.B., Guries R.P. (1995) Differentiation of Mycosphaerella dearnessii by cultural characters and RAPD analysis. Phytopathology, 85 (1995), pp. 522-527, 10.1094/Phyto-85-522

    10.   Ioos R, Fabre B, Saurat C, Fourrier C, Frey P, Marçais B (2010) Development , Comparison , and Validation of Real-Time and Conventional PCR Tools for the Detection of the Fungal Pathogens Causing Brown Spot and Red Band Needle Blights of Pine. 100: 105–114.

    11.   Jankovský L, Palovčíková D, Dvořák M, Tomšovský M (2009) Records of brown spot needle blight related to lecanosticta acicola in the Czech Republic. Plant Protection Science 45: 16–18. https://doi.org/10.17221/39/2008-pps

    12.   Janoušek J, Wingfield MJ, Marmolejo Monsivais JG, Jankovský L, Stauffer C, Konečný A, Barnes I (2016) Genetic analyses suggest separate introductions of the pine pathogen Lecanosticta acicola into Europe. Phytopathology 106: 1413–1425. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-15-0271-R

    13.   Jianren, Y. and Chuandao, L. (1988) Study on seed transmission of brown spot fungus (Shcirrhia acicola). J. Nanjing Inst. For. 12, 21.

    14.   Jurc D, Jurc M (2010) Mycosphaerella dearnessii occurs in Slovenia. Plant Pathology 59: 808–808. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02262.x

    15.   Kais, A.G. (1971) Dispersal of Schirria acicola spores in southern Mississippi. Plant Dis. Rep. 55, 309–311.

    16.   Kais, A.G. (1978) Pruning of longleaf pine seedlings in nurseries promotes brown‐spot needle blight. Tree Planter's Notes, 3–4.

    17.   McIntire, C.D. , Munck, I.A. , Ducey, M.J. and Asbjornsen, H. (2018) Thinning treatments reduce severity of foliar pathogens in eastern white pine. Forest Ecol. Manag. 423, 106–113.

    18.   Mullett, M. , Tubby, K. , Webber, J. and Brown, A. (2016) A reconsideration of natural dispersal distances of the pine pathogen Dothistroma septosporum . Plant Pathol. 65, 1462–1472.

    19.   Pehl, L. and Cech, T. (2008) Mycosphaerella dearnessii and Mycosphaerella pini . Eur. Med. Plant Protec. Org. Bull., 38, 349–362.

    20.   K. Tubby et al.

    21.   Kessler, M., Krehan, H., 2011. New discoveries of quarantine organisms in Austria in 2011. Forstschutz Aktuell 53, 14–16.

    22.   Kliejunas, J.T., Geils, B.W., Glaeser, J.M., Goheen, E.M., Hennon, P., Kim, M.-S., Kope, H., Stone, J., Frankel, S.J., 2009. Review of literature on climate change and forest diseases of Western North America. USDA Forest Service, Albany, CA. General Technical Report PSWGTR- 225.

    23.   Kovaˇcevski, J.C., 1938. Parasitic fungi new for Bulgaria. Fifth contribution. Rev. Inst. Rech. Agron. Bulg. 8, 3–13 [in Bulgarian].

    24.   La Porta, N., Capretti, P., 2000. Mycosphaerella dearnessii, a needle-cast pathogen on mountain pine (Pinus mugo) in Italy. Plant Dis. 84 (8), 922.

    25.   Laas, M., Adamson, K., Drenkhan, R., 2019. A look into the genetic diversity of Lecanosticta acicola in northern Europe. Fungal Biol. 123, 773–782. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.06.012.

    26.   Laas, M., Adamson, K., Barnes, I., Janouˇsek, J., Mullett, M.S., Adamˇcíkov´a, K., Akiba, M., Beenken, L., Braganca, H., Bulgakov, T.S., Capretti, P., Cech, T., Cleary, M., Enderle, R., Ghelardini, L., Jankovský, L., Markovskaja, S., Matsiakh, I., Meyer, J.B., Oskay, F., Piˇskur, B., Raitelaityt˙e, K., Sadikovi´c, D., Drenkhan, R., 2022. Diversity, migration routes, and worldwide population genetic structure of Lecanosticta acicola, the causal agent of brown spot needle blight. Mol. Plant Pathol. 23, 1620–1639. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13257.

    27.   Larson, D.R., 2002. Field planting containerized longleaf pine seedlings. in: Barnett, J.P., Dumroese, R.K., Moorhead, D.J. (Eds.), Proceedings of workshops on growing longleaf pine in containers – 1999 and 2001. USDA General Technical Report SRS 56, 62–63.

    28.   Laut, J.G., Sutton, B.C., Lawrence, J.J., 1966. Brown spot needle blight in Canada. Plant Disease Rep. 50 (3), 208.

    29.   L´evy, A., Lafaurie, C., 1994. D´ecouverte de Scirrhia acicola. Un nouveau pathog`ene foliaire des pins attenuata x radiata en Aquitaine. Phytoma-La d´efense des v´eg´etaux 463, 33–35.

    30.   L´evy, A., 1996. Le point sur le champignon de quarantaine Scirrhia acicola dans le Sud- Ouest de la France. La Sant´e des Forˆets (D´epartement de la Sant´e des Forˆets, ed), 28–30. France: Les Cahiers du DSF.

    31.   Li, C., Zhu, X., Han, Z., Zhang, J., Shen, B., Zhang, Z., Zheng, W., Zou, K., Shi, F., 1986a. Investigation on brown-spot needle blight of pines in China. J. Nanjing Inst. For. 10, 11–18.

    32.   Li, C., Han, Z., Ye, Z., Zheng, W., Zhang, Z., Zou, Z., 1986b. Brown spot needle blight of pine and its control. Rep. Forest Dis. Insects 1, 1–5.

    33.   Lier, M., K¨ohl, M., Korhonen, K., Linser, S., Prins, K., Talarczyk, A., 2022. The New EU Forest Strategy for 2030: A New Understanding of Sustainable Forest Management? Forests 13 (2), 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13020245.

    34.   Lin, Z., Liang, Z., 1988. A comparative resistance of several pine species to brown spot needle blight (caused by Lecanosticta acicola) and the origin of the disease. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (China) 24 (1), 41–47.

    35.   L´opez Castilla, R.A., Duarte Casanova, A., Guerra Rivero, C., Cruz Escoto, H., Triguero Issasi, N., 2002. Forest Nursery pest management in Cuba. In: National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations - 1999, 2000, and 2001. (Dumroese, R. K.; Riley, L.E.; Landis, T.D., technical coordinators Eds.) p. 213–218. Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Available at: http://www.fc nanet.org/proceedings/2000/castilla.pdf.

    36.   Lott, L.H., Schmidtling, R.C., Snow, G.A., 1996. Susceptibility to Brown-Spot Needle Blight and Fusiform Rust in Selected Longleaf Pine and Hybrids. Tree Planters Notes 47 (1), 11–15.

    37.   Luttrell, E.S., 1949. Scirrhia acicola, Phaeocryptopus pinastri, and Lophodermium pinastri associated with the decline of ponderosa pine in Missouri. Plant Dis. Rep. 33, 397–401.

    38.   Mag´an, F. J. Fern´andez de Ana, 1997. The presence of Mycosphaerella dearnessii (Lecanosticta acicola) as a pathogen in Spanish forest nurseries In Proceedings of the third meeting of IUFRO working party S7.03-04 Diseases and insects in forest nurseries. Ed. R. L. James. USDA Forest Service N. Region Report, 97-4, 22-23.

    39.   Mann Jr., W.F., 1969. At last longleaf pine can be planted successfully. For. Farm. 28 (6), 6–7, 18–19.

    40.   Markovskaja, S., Kaˇcergius, A., Treigien˙e, A., 2011. Occurrence of new alien pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella dearnessii in Lithuania. Botanica Lithuanica 17 (1), 29–37.

    41.   Marmolejo, J., 2000. The genus Lecanosticta from Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Mycotaxon 76, 393–397.

    42.   Martin, G., 1887. Enumeration and description of the Septoria of North America. Journal of Mycology 3 (4), 37–41.

    43.   Martínez, J.B., 1942. Las micosis del Pinus insignis en Guipuzcoa. Publ. Inst. Invest. Exp. 13 (23).

    44.   McIntire, C.D., Munck, I.A., Ducey, M.J., Asbjornsen, H., 2018. Thinning treatments reduce severity of foliar pathogens in eastern white pine. Forest Ecol. Manag. 423, 106–113.

    45.   McIntire, C.D., 2018. “Impacts and Management of Foliar Pathogens of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) in the Northeastern United States”. Doctoral Dissertations. 2397. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/.

    46.   Mesanza, N., Hern´andez, M., Raposo, R., Iturritxa, E., 2021a. First Report of Mycosphaerella dearnessii, teleomorph of Lecanosticta acicola. Europe. Plant Health Prog. 22 (4), 565–566. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-03-21-0060-BR.

    47.   Mesanza, N., Raposo, R., Elvira-Recuenco, M., Barnes, I., van Der Nest, A., Hern´andez, M., Pascual, M.T., Barrena, I., San Martín, U., Cantero, A., Hernandez- Escribano, L., 2021b. New hosts for Lecanosticta acicola and Dothistroma septosporum in newly established arboreta in Spain. For. Pathol. 51 (1), e12440.

    48.   Milatovi´c, I., 1976. Needle cast of pines caused by fungi Scirrhia pini Funk et Parker and S. acicola (Dearn.) Siggers in Yugoslavia. Poljoprivredna Znanstvena Smotra 39, 511–513.

    49.   Forest Ecology and Management 536 (2023) 120847

    50.   Montiel, C., Kraus, D., 2010. Best practices of fire use – prescribed burning and suppression fire programmes in selected case-study regions in Europe. European Forest Institute, p. 182 pp..

    51.   Morin, X., Fahse, L., Jactel, H., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., García-Vald´es, R., Bugmann, H., 2018. Long-term response of forest productivity to climate change is mostly driven by change in tree species composition. Sci. Rep. 8, 5627. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41598-018-23763-y.

    52.   Moser, W.K., Treiman, T., Johnson, R., 2003. Species choice and the risk of disease and insect attack: evaluating two methods of choosing between longleaf and other pines. Forestry 76, 137–147.

    53.   Mullett, M.S., Adamson, K., Bragança, H., Bulgakov, T.S., Georgieva, M., Henriques, J., Jürisoo, L., Laas, M., Drenkhan, R., 2018. New country and regional records of the pine needle blight pathogens Lecanosticta acicola, Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini. For. Pathol. 48 (5), e12440.

    54.   Mullett, M.A., Tubby, K.V., Webber, J.F., Brown, A.V., 2016. A reconsideration of natural dispersal distances of the pine pathogen Dothistroma septosporum. Plant Pathol. 65, 1462–1472.

    55.   Munck, I., Burns, B., Ostrofsky, W., Lombard, K., Weimer, J., 2012. Eastern white pine needle damage survey, 2011 in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. Online publication. U.S. Dep. Agric. For, Serv https://extension.unh.edu/resources/files/ Resource003566_Rep5105.pdf.

    56.   Munck, I.A., Ostrofsky, W.D., Burns, B., 2011. Pest Alert: Eastern white pine needle damage. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, NA-PR-01-11.

    57.   Nicholls, T.H., Hudler, G.W., 1972. Red pine-A new host for brown spot (Scirrhia acicola). Plant Dis. Rep. 56, 712–713.

    58.   Nicholls, T.H., Skilling, D.D., Hudler, G.W., 1973. Scirrhia acicola in Scotch pine Christmas tree plantations. Plant Disease Reprt. 57 (1), 55–58.

    59.   Offord, H.R., 1964. Diseases of Monterey pine in native stands of California and in plantations of Western North America. Berkeley, Calif., Pacific SW. Forest and Range Expt. Sta. 37 pp., illus. (U. S. Forest Serv. Res. Paper PSW-14).

    60.   Ogris, N., Drenkhan, R., Tubby, K., Vahalik, P., Mullett, M. (in prep.). Potential distribution of Lecanosticta acicola globally under climate change.

    61.   Olsson, S., Grivet, D., Cattonaro, F., Vendramin, V., Giovannelli, G., Scotti-Saintagne, C., Vendramin, G.G., Fady, B., 2020. Evolutionary relevance of lineages in the European black pine (Pinus nigra) in the transcriptomic era. Tree Genet. Genomes 16, 30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-020-1424-8.

    62.   Ortíz de Urbina, E., Mesanza, N., Aragon´es, A., Raposo, R., Elvira-Recuenco, M., Boqu´e, R., Patten, C., Aitken, J., Iturritxa, E., 2017. Emerging Needle Blight Diseases in Atlantic Pinus Ecosystems of Spain. Forests 8 (1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ f8010018.

    63.   Oskay, F., Laas, M., Mullett, M., Lehtij¨arvi, A., Do˘gmus¸-Lehtij¨arvi, H.T., Woodward, S., Drenkhan, R., 2020. First report of Lecanosticta acicola on pine and non-pine hosts in Turkey. For. Pathol. 50 (6), e12654.

    64.   Parris, G.K., 1967. Field infection of loblolly pine seedlings in Mississippi with naturally produced inoculum of Scirrhia acicola. Plant Disease Reprt. 51 (7), 552–556.

    65.   Parris, G.K., 1969. Control of the brown spot disease on loblolly pine in Mississippi by spraying. Phytopathology 59 (2), 116.

    66.   Pehl, L., 1995. Lecanosticta - Nadelbr¨aune: Eine neue Kiefernkrankheit in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. [Lecanosticta needle blight: A new disease on pine in the Federal Republic of Germany]. Nachrichtenblatt Deutscher Pflanzenschutzdienst 47 (12), 305–309.

    67.   Pehl, L., Cech, T., Ioos, R., 2015. PM 7/46 (3) Lecanosticta acicola (formerly Mycosphaerella dearnessii), Dothistroma septosporum (formerly Mycosphaerella pini) and Dothistroma pini. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 45 (2), 163–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/ epp.12217.

    68.   Peterson, G.W., 1981. Brown spot needle blight of pines. In ‘Great Plains Juniper and pine diseases’. General Technical Report, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service 1981 No.RM-86 pp.ii + 47 pp.

    69.   Phelps, W.R., Kais, A.G., Nicholls, T.H., 1978. Brown-spot needle blight of pines. USDA Forest Service. Forest Insect and Disease Leaflet No. 44, 7 p

    70.   Siggers PV (1932) The brown-spot needle blight of longleaf pine seedlings. J. Forest. 30, 579–593. Confirmed host.

    71.   Siggers PV (1944) The brown spot needle blight of pine seedlings. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Technical Bulletin, 870, 1-6.

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    73.   Skilling, D.D. and Nicholls, T.H. (1974) Brown spot needle disease – biology and control in Scotch pine plantations. US Department of Agriculture. Forest Service Research Paper, NC‐109, 1–19.

    74.   Tainter, F.H. and Baker, F.A. (1996) Brown spot In: Principles of Forest Pathology, pp. 467–492. New York, USA: John Wiley.

    75.   de Thümen, F. (1878) Fungorum americanorum triginta species novae. Flora, 61, 177–184.

    76.   Tubby K, Adamčikova K, Adamson K, Akiba M, Barnes I, Boroń P, Bragança H, Bulgakov T, Burgdorf N, Capretti P, Cech T, Cleary M, Davydenko K, Drenkhan R, Elvira-Recuenco M, Enderle R, Gardner J, Georgieva M, Ghelardini L, Husson C, Iturritxa E, Markovskaja S, Mesanza N, Ogris N, Oskay F, Piškur B, Queloz V, Raitelaitytė K, Raposo R, Soukainen M, Strasser L, Vahalík P, Vester M, Mullett M (2023) The increasing threat to European forests from the invasive foliar pine pathogen, Lecanosticta acicola. Forest Ecology and Management 536: 120847.

    77.   van der Nest A, Wingfield MJ, Janoušek J, Barnes I (2019) Lecanosticta acicola: a growing threat to expanding global pine forests and plantations. Molecular Plant Pathology 20(10), 1327-1364. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12853

    78.   Wyka SA, McIntire CD, Smith C, Munck IA, Rock BN, Asbjornsen H, Broders KD (2018) Effect of climatic variables on abundance and dispersal of Lecanosticta acicola spores and their impact on defoliation on Eastern white pine. Phytopathology 108(4), 374-383.

     

◄Management