Actions/ Management Recommendations

The use of virus-tested plant material is highly recommended, especially if the beech trees are planted as street trees in cities, where growth under adverse environmental conditions have to be expected (Bandte et al. 2022). As also other viruses have been reported to infect Ulmus spp. (Büttner et al. 2023) and induce virus-like symptoms on leaves, reliable diagnosis of carlavirus ulmi should be done by molecular means, for instance virus-specific RT-PCR from symptom-bearing leaf material.