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Two novel cytorhabdoviruses (Fraxinus gammacytorhabdovirus 1, FraxGCRV1; Fraxinus gammacytorhabdovirus 2, Frax GCRV2) have been confirmed in ash trees in urban street trees in Germany. Cytorhabdoviruses are known to be transmitted by aphids (Cytorhabdovirus lactucanecante, Cytorhabdovirus medicagonis), planthoppers (Cytorhabdovirus gramineae, Cytorhabdovirus hordei), leafhoppers (Cytorhabdovirus oryzae) or whiteflies (Cytorhabdovirus caricae). Some cytorabdoviruses are also transmitted by vegetative propagation and some can be transmitted mechanically from infected sap. Seed transmission has not been reported. Details on transmission mode of cytorhabdoviruses affecting ash trees have still to be studied.
Leaflets of Fraxinus excelsior trees infected with cytorhabdovirus fraxini; a) chlorotic spots; b) chlorosis