Host Tree

V. album (L.) has been found parasitic on numerous taxons of trees. Barney et al. (1998) listed 452 taxons of woody plants. V. album subsp. album hosts broadleaved trees, namely maples (Acer spp., 25 hosts), alders (Alnus spp., 6 hosts), birches (Betula spp., 18 hosts), hornbeams (Carpinus spp., 3 hosts), Turkish hazel nuts (Corylus colurna), hop-hornbeams (Ostrya spp., 2 hosts), catalpas (Catalpa bignonioides), cornels (Cornus spp., 5 hosts), persimmons (Diospyros spp., 2 hosts), 15 hosts of the family Fabaceae, incl. black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), chestnuts (Castanea sativa, C. crenata), beeches (Fagus sylvatica, F. orientalis), oaks (Quercus spp., 21 hosts), horse chestnuts and buckeyes (Aesculus spp., 10 hosts), walnuts and wingnuts (Juglans spp., Pterocarya spp., 11 hosts), hycories (Carya spp., 6 hosts), tulip trees (Liriodendron tulipifera), magnolias (Magnolia tripetala, M. virginiana), four species of the family Moraceae, gum trees (Eucalyptus globulus), dove tree (Davidia involucrate , incl. var. vilmoriniana), ashes (Fraxinus spp., 9 hosts), plane trees (Platanus orientalis, P. occidentalis), hawthorns (Crataegus spp.), quincies (Cydonia oblonga), apple trees (Malus spp.), photinias (Photinia serrulata), plum and cherry trees (Prunus spp.), pear trees (Pyrus spp.), whitebeams (Sorbus spp., 16 hosts), Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense), poplars (Populus spp.), willows (Salix spp.), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), French tamarisk (Tamarix gallica), limes (Tilia spp., 13 hosts), hackberries (Celtis spp., 6 hosts), elms (Ulmus spp., 5 hosts), zelkovas (Zelkova carpinifolia) (Barney et al. 1998).

Hosts of V. album subsp. abietis are mostly firs (Abies spp., 16 taxons), Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi), but also few hardwoods: silver and red maple (Acer saccharinum and A. rubrum) and goat willow (Salix caprea) (Barney et al. 1998).

V. album subsp. austriacum is at most hosted by pines (Pinus spp., 17 hosts), but also by Nikko fir (Abies homolepis), cedars (Cedrus atlantica, C. libani), Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi), Norway spruce (Picea abies), Paraná pine (Araucaria angustifolia) and European yew (Taxus baccata). From hardwoods it can be hosted by balsamic poplar (Populus balsamifera) and goat willow (Salix caprea) (Barney et al. 1998).

V. album subsp. creticum Böhling is recorded on Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia), while V. album subsp. meridianum (Danser) D.G.Long grows on Monbeig’s hornbeam (Carpinus monbeigiana), common walnut (Juglans regia), Chinese cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus), large-leaved rowan Sorbus megalocarpa, and maples (Acer spp.) (Qiu and Gilbert 2003).