Distribution

C. corticale is putatively native to the Great Lakes Region of North America (Brooks et al., 2022; Muller et al., 2023). It is widely spread in the North America, and in Europe where is now considered an invasive pathogen (EPPO; 2024). After its first observation in Ontario, Canada and in the USA (Towey et al., 1932; Gregory and Waller, 1951), further records appeared in Europe, specifically, in the UK (Gregory and Waller, 1951) followed by Italy (Wilkins, 1952) and France (Moreau and Moreau, 1954). In the last decades, the distribution of SBD is extended to other countries such as Czech Republic (Koukol et al., 2015; Kelnarová et al. 2017), Austria (Cech, 2004; 2019), Belgium (Vaïanopoulos and Schmitz, 2023), Bulgaria (Bencheva, 2014), Germany (Metzler, 2006; Robeck, 2007), Slovenia (Ogris et al., 2021), Switzerland (Cochard et al., 2015), The Netherlands (EPPO, 2014) and Russia (Gninenko et al., 2024).  Within the USA, it has been recorded in the states of Wisconsin, Michigan (Towey et al., 1932; Gregory and Waller, 1951), Washington (Washigton State Department 2021; Brooks et al., 2023) and more recently in California (Garbelotto et al., 2024). Canada has also reported new spots of maples affected by SBD in British Columbia (Tanney et al., 2024). Due to its latent/endophytic stage in apparently asymptomatic trees, the current distribution of C. corticale might be wider (Cech, 2018). Furthermore, the increasing threshold of the mean monthly daily maximum temperatures during summers will favor the spread of the pathogen and new outbreaks in northern countries (Cech, 2018).