This lecture provides an introduction to DNA structure and function, followed by an overview of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its applications in biological and environmental research. Students will learn how PCR amplifies specific DNA sequences, the components required, and the steps involved in the reaction. The lecture also highlights related molecular methods such as gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing, and marker-based identification. The focus is on understanding how these tools are used for diagnostics, genetic analysis, and species detection.
Keywords: DNA, PCR, Molecular diagnostics, DNA sequencing, Genetic analysis
- Source: Urban Tree Guard
This lecture focuses on how trees defend themselves against biotic and abiotic stress factors. It covers structural and chemical defense mechanisms, recognition of pathogens, and the activation of induced immune responses. Students will learn how trees compartmentalize damage, produce defensive compounds, and adapt their resistance strategies over time. Emphasis is placed on understanding tree immunity as a dynamic and energy-dependent system that shapes overall forest health.
Keywords: Tree defense, Plant immunity, Biotic stress, Abiotic stress, Forest health
- Source: Urban Tree Guard
This lecture introduces the main types of necroses occurring in plant stems, leaves, and needles, highlighting their visual symptoms, common causes, and pathological significance. Students will learn how to distinguish necrosis patterns, assess disease severity in the field, and apply proper sampling techniques for accurate laboratory diagnosis. Emphasis is placed on recognizing early signs of tissue death, understanding host–pathogen interactions, and collecting representative samples without contamination.
Keywords: Necrosis, Plant pathology, Disease symptoms, Host–pathogen interaction, Sampling techniques
- Source: Urban Tree Guard
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the role, management, and significance of urban trees in creating sustainable green cities. It explores the ecological, social, psychological, and economic benefits of trees, while also addressing the challenges of maintaining them in urban environments. Topics include tree biology, stress adaptation, pathology, risk assessment, pruning, transplantation, and maintenance practices.
Keywords: Urban trees, Tree management, Ecosystem services, Tree pathology, Sustainable cities
- Source: Urban Tree Guard
This course explores stem cankers on urban and forest trees, covering their causes, identification, and impacts on tree health. Participants will gain practical knowledge on early detection, risk factors, and effective management strategies to help protect trees in both natural and urban environments.
Keywords: Stem cankers, Tree health, Disease identification, Risk factors, Tree management
- Source: Urban Tree Guard